film - Bollywood
Photograph by grifrayon Flickr.
Many Asian Underground artists, particularly those among the overseas Indian diaspora, have also been inspired by Bollywood music. Bollywood films film Drama film are mostly musicals, and are expected to contain catchy music in the form of song-and-dance numbers woven into the script. Indeed, a film s music is often released before the movie itself and helps increase the audience. Indian audiences expect full value for their money, with a good entertainer generally referred to as paisa vasool, (literally, money s worth ).
Some of the biggest stars, such as Dharmendra, Amitabh Bachchan, and Shahrukh Khan have succeeded despite total lack of show business connections. They frequently employ formulaic ingredients such as star-crossed lovers and angry parents, love triangles, family ties, sacrifice, corrupt politicians, kidnappers, conniving villains, courtesans with hearts of gold, long-lost relatives and siblings separated by fate, dramatic reversals of fortune, and convenient coincidences. There have always been Indian films with more artistic aims and more sophisticated stories, both inside and outside the Bollywood tradition (see Parallel Cinema).
R. Nigerian viewers, for example, commented that older films of the 1950s and 1960s had culture to the newer, more westernized picturizations.
Manufacturing of bootleg DVD, VCD, and VHS copies of the latest movie titles is a well established small scale industry in parts of South Asia and South East Asia. Strangely, it was after Independence the censor board came into being and so did all the strictures. Bollywood employs people from all parts of India.
Most of the better-funded film releases now have their own websites, where browsers can view trailers, stills, and information about the story, cast, and crew. Bollywood is also used to advertise other products. The latter choice was a failure because they don t base themselves on the problems of the people, where the former is based socialist values and on the reality of developing countries emerging from years of colonialism.
For film clans, see List of Bollywood film clans. Sound in Bollywood films is rarely recorded on location (otherwise known as sync sound). This has led to criticism towards the film industry. In past times, this could be done with impunity.
Commercial Indian filmmakers, known for their speed, never bothered to blimp the camera, and its excessive noise required that everything had to be recreated in the studio. Mohammed Rafi is often considered arguably the finest of the singers that have lent their voice to Bollywood songs, followed by Lata Mangeshkar, who, through the course of a career spanning over six decades, has recorded thousands of songs for Indian movies.
Like masalas, these movies are a mixture of many things such as action, comedy, romance etc. Stickers of Indian films and stars decorate taxis and buses in Northern Nigeria, while posters of Indian films adorn the walls of tailor shops and mechanics garages in the country.
Copyright enforcement was lax in India and few actors or directors ever saw an official contract. One of the common justifications of plagiarism in Bollywood is that producers often play a safer option by remaking popular Hollywood films in an Indian context. Often, bootleg DVD copies of movies are available before the prints are officially released in cinemas.
L. Since 1973, the Indian government has sponsored the National Film Awards, awarded by the government run Directorate of Film Festivals (DFF).
Some actors in the last thirty years have sung one or more songs themselves; for a list, see Singing actors and actresses in Indian cinema. Playback singers are prominently featured in the opening credits and have their own fans who will go to an otherwise lackluster movie just to hear their favourites. Among the mainstream films, Lagaan won the Audience Award at the Locarno International Film Festival and was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 74th Academy Awards, while Devdas and Rang De Basanti were both nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Language Film. The Hindi film industry has preferred films that appeal to all segments of the audience (see the discussion in Ganti, 2004, cited in references), and has resisted making films that target narrow audiences.
Going by the quality as well as the quantity of the songs they rendered, most notable singers of Bollywood are Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, Geeta Dutt, Shamshad Begum and Alka Yagnik among female playback singers; and K. By the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per annum.
Most films have heroes who are able to fight off villains all by themselves. Bollywood plots have tended to be melodramatic. In modern films, item numbers may be inserted as discotheque sequences, dancing at celebrations, or as stage shows. For the last few decades Bollywood producers have been releasing the film s soundtrack, as tapes or CDs, before the main movie release, hoping that the music will pull audiences into the cinema later.
In modern films, Indian dance elements often blend with Western dance styles (as seen on MTV or in Broadway musicals), though it is not unusual to see Western pop and pure classical dance numbers side by side in the same film. Product placement, as used in Hollywood, is widely practiced in Bollywood. Bollywood movie stars appear in print and television advertisements for other products, such as watches or soap (see Celebrity endorsement).
Ideas, plot lines, tunes or riffs have been copied from other Indian film industries or foreign films (including Hollywood and other Asian films). However, Russian newspapers report that there is a renewed interest in Bollywood among young Russians. Bollywood has experienced a marked growth in revenue in North American markets, and is particularly popular amongst the South Asian communities of such large cities as Chicago, Toronto and New York City.
The increasing accessibility to professional action and special effects, coupled with rising film budgets, has seen an explosion in the action and sci-fi genres. Sequences shot overseas have proved a real box office draw, so Mumbai film crews are increasingly filming in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States, continental Europe and elsewhere. The next year, he made another colour film, Mother India.
In Indian movies women were modestly dressed, men and women rarely kiss, and there is no nudity, thus Indian movies are said to have culture that Hollywood films lack. K.
However, some promotional videos feature a song which is not included in the movie. The film script or lines of dialogue (called dialogues in Indian English) and the song lyrics are often written by different people. Dialogues are usually written in an unadorned Hindi Characters may shift from one language to the other to express a certain atmosphere (for example, English in a business setting and Hindi in an informal one). Cinematic language, whether in dialogues or lyrics, is often melodramatic and invokes God, family, mother, duty, and self-sacrifice liberally. Music directors often prefer working with certain lyricists, to the point that the lyricist and composer are seen as a team. This opened up a heated debate on the use and economic feasibility of on-location sound, and several Bollywood films have employed on-location sound since then. Bollywood film music is called filmi music (from Hindi, meaning of films ).
Indian movies have also gained ground so as to alter the style of Hausa fashions, songs have also been copied by Hausa singers and stories have influenced the writings of Nigerian novelists. In this case, the event is almost always two characters falling in love. Bollywood films have always used what are now called item numbers .
This staging is referred to as a picturisation . Songs typically comment on the action taking place in the movie, in several ways. In the past, most Bollywood films could make money; now fewer tend to do so.
If the hero and heroine dance and sing a pas de deux, it is often staged in beautiful natural surroundings or architecturally grand settings. These awards are handed out at an annual ceremony presided over by the President of India.
Another source for love lyrics is the long Hindu tradition of poetry about the mythological amours of Krishna, Radha, and the gopis. However, this ban has now been lifted. Another problem facing Bollywood is widespread copyright infringement of its films.
Numerous films in the mid-1990s and onwards have been largely, or entirely, shot in New York, Los Angeles, Vancouver and Toronto. A film s success often depends on the quality of such musical numbers.
Bollywood films have been dubbed into Russian, and shown in prominent theatres such as Mosfilm and Lenfilm. Ashok Sharma, Indian Ambassador to Suriname, who has served three times in the Commonwealth of Independent States region during his diplomatic career said: The film Mera Naam Joker (1970), sought to cater to such an appeal and the popularity of Raj Kapoor in Russia, when it recruited Russian actress Kseniya Ryabinkina for the movie. It attracts thousands of aspiring actors and actresses, all hoping for a break in the industry.
This made things difficult for Bollywood as it was losing market share to Hollywood. Most Bollywood films were unabashedly escapist, but there were also a number of filmmakers who tackled tough social issues, or used the struggle for Indian independence as a backdrop for their plots. In 1937, Ardeshir Irani, of Alam Ara fame, made the first colour film in Hindi, Kisan Kanya.
Indian movies also allowed for a new youth culture to follow without such ideological baggage as becoming western. Bollywood is also popular among Somalis and the Somali diaspora, where the emerging Islamic Courts Union found a bete noire. Several Bollywood personalities have avenued to the continent for both shooting movies and off-camera projects. A large Indian diaspora in English speaking countries, and increased Western influence at home, have nudged Bollywood films closer to Hollywood models. Film critic Lata Khubchandani writes, .our earliest films.had liberal doses of sex and kissing scenes in them.
Nowadays, Indian producers are winning more and more funding for big-budget films shot within India as well, such as Lagaan, Devdas and other recent films. Funding for Bollywood films often comes from private distributors and a few large studios. Song lyrics are usually about love.
The term is often incorrectly used to refer to the whole of Indian cinema; it is only a part of the Indian film industry. Bollywood is formally referred to as Hindi cinema, The name Bollywood is a portmanteau of Bombay (the former name for Mumbai) and Hollywood, the center of the American film industry. Since many Bollywood films are shot abroad, many foreign extras are employed too. Stardom in the entertainment industry is very fickle, and Bollywood is no exception.
Remixing of film songs with modern beats and rhythms is a common occurrence today, and producers may even release remixed versions of some of their films songs along with the films regular soundtrack albums. The dancing in Bollywood films, especially older ones, is primarily modelled on Indian dance: classical dance styles, dances of historic northern Indian courtesans (tawaif), or folk dances. Bollywood is popular amongst non-Asians in the country as well. Constrained by rushed production schedules and small budgets, some Bollywood writers and musicians have been known to resort to plagiarism.
The most popular Hindi films in China were Dr. Songs from Bollywood movies are generally pre-recorded by professional playback singers, with the actors then lip synching the words to the song on-screen, often while dancing.
There was clearly a huge market for talkies and musicals; Bollywood and all the regional film industries quickly switched to sound filming. The 1930s and 1940s were tumultuous times: India was buffeted by the Great Depression, World War II, the Indian independence movement, and the violence of the Partition. it has its own entry in the Oxford English Dictionary. The term Bollywood has origins in the 1970s, when India overtook America as the world s largest film producer.
Hussain used to paint film posters early in his career) This was because human labour was found to be cheaper than printing and distributing publicity material. Releasing the film music, or music videos, before the actual release of the film can also be considered a form of advertising. Recent Bollywood films have employed international technicians to improve in these areas, such as Krrish (2006) which has action choreographed by Hong Kong based Tony Ching.
Bollywood s immersion in the traditional Hollywood domain was further tied with such films as The Guru (2002) and Marigold: An Adventure in India (2007) trying to popularise the Bollywood-theme for Hollywood. The awareness of Hindi cinema is however more spread in the United Kingdom, A considerable number of Hindi movies has been shot in Western Europe as well, particularly in Switzerland, starting with Dilwale Dulhania le Jayenge. Bollywood s popularity, however, is not greatly matched in the non-English speaking countries of South America, though Bollywood culture and dance is recognised. Saigal, Talat Mahmood, Mukesh, Mohammed Rafi, Manna Dey, Hemant Kumar, Kishore Kumar, Kumar Sanu, S.P.Balasubramanyam, Udit Narayan and Sonu Nigam among male playback singers.
A greater globalised world worked in tandem with the sexualisation of Indian films so as to become more like American films, thus negating the preferred values of an old Bollywood and diminishing Indian soft power. Bollywood films are particularly popular in the former Soviet Union. However, most Bollywood producers make money, recouping their investments from many sources of revenue, including selling ancillary rights.
Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani (1946), Awaara (1951) and Two Acres of Land (1953). Films are frequently broadcast without compensation by countless small cable TV companies in India and other parts of South Asia.
Hence many stars make the most of their fame, once they become popular, by making several movies simultaneously. Only a very few non-Indian actors are able to make a mark in Bollywood, though many have tried from time to time. Actresses from this era included Hema Malini, Jaya Bachchan and Rekha. Some Hindi filmmakers such as Shyam Benegal continued to produce realistic Parallel Cinema throughout the 1970s, The most internationally-acclaimed Hindi film of the 1980s was Mira Nair s Salaam Bombay! (1988), which won the Camera d Or at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the pendulum swung back toward family-centric romantic musicals with the success of such films as Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), Hum Aapke Hain Kaun (1994) and Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995), making stars out of a new generation of actors (such as Aamir Khan, Salman Khan and Shahrukh Khan) and actresses (such as Sridevi, Madhuri Dixit, Juhi Chawla and Kajol).
and the UK regularly stock tapes and DVDs of dubious provenance, while consumer copying adds to the problem. Small convenience stores run by members of the Indian diaspora in the U.S.
Bollywood is the informal term popularly used for the Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai, India. The Bollywood musical Lagaan (2001) was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and two other Bollywood films Devdas (2002) and Rang De Basanti (2006) were nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Unlike in Europe and North America where Indian films largely cater to the expatriate Indian market yearning to keep in touch with their homeland, in West Africa, as in many other parts of the world, such movies rose in popularity despite the lack of a significant Indian audience, where movies are about an alien culture, based on a religion wholly different, and, for the most part, a language that is unintelligble to the viewers. However, it ranks second to Hollywood in countries such as Fiji, with its large Indian minority, Australia and New Zealand. Australia is one of the countries where there is a large South Asian Diaspora.
(In fact, bootleg copies are the only way people in Pakistan can watch Bollywood movies, since the Government of Pakistan has banned their sale, distribution and telecast). It was believed that aiming for a broad spectrum would maximise box office receipts.
Such movies are called masala films, after the Hindi word for a spice mixture. Bollywood song lyrics, especially in the old movies, frequently use Arabo-Persic Urdu vocabulary.
Like the Oscars, the Filmfare awards are frequently accused of bias towards commercial success rather than artistic merit. As the Filmfare, the National Film Awards were introduced in 1954. This phenomenon is not unlike the pairings of American composers and songwriters that created old-time Broadway musicals (e.g., Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, or Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe).
While most actors, especially today, are excellent dancers, few are also singers. Models and beauty contestants, television actors, theatre actors and even common people come to Mumbai with the hope and dream of becoming a star.
After the collapse of the Soviet film distribution system, Hollywood occupied the void created in the Russian film market. However, colour did not become a popular feature until the late 1950s.
In the mid-1970s, romantic confections made way for gritty, violent films about gangsters (see Indian mafia) and bandits. Often the soundtrack is more popular than the movie.
Therefore, the sound is usually created (or recreated) entirely in the studio, The actors have to act twice: once on-location, once in the studio—and the emotional level on set is often very difficult to recreate. Saigal, Suraiyya, and Noor Jehan were also known as both singers and actors.
Many lyrics compare the singer to a devotee and the object of his or her passion to Krishna or Radha. Bollywood films are multi-million dollar productions, with the most expensive productions costing up to 100 crores rupees (roughly USD 20 million). Commercial Indian films, not just the Hindi-language variety, are known for their lack of ambient sound, so there is a silence underlying everything instead of the background sound and noises usually employed in films to create aurally perceivable depth and environment. The ubiquity of ADR in Bollywood cinema became prevalent in the early 1960s with the arrival of the Arriflex 3 camera, which required a blimp (cover) in order to shield the sound of the camera, for which it was notorious, from on-location filming.
Bollywood sold 3.6 billion tickets and had total revenues (theatre tickets, DVDs, television etc.) of US$1.3 billion, whereas Hollywood films sold 2.6 billion tickets and generated total revenues (again from all formats) of US$51 billion. Many Indian artists used to make a living by hand-painting movie billboards and posters (The well-known artist M.F. Amitabh Bachchan, the star known for his angry young man roles, rode the crest of this trend with actors like Mithun Chakraborty and Anil Kapoor, which lasted into the early 1990s.
The changing style of Bollywood has begun to question such an acceptance. Many song-and-dance routines in Indian films feature unrealistically instantaneous shifts of location or changes of costume between verses of a song.
Songs and dances, love triangles, comedy and dare-devil thrills are all mixed up in a three-hour-long extravaganza with an intermission. A popular tune is believed to help pull audiences into the theaters. Bollywood publicists have begun to use the Internet as a venue for advertising.
Their songs can make or break a film and usually do. However, filmmakers may be moving towards accepting some box-office segmentation, between films that appeal to rural Indians, and films that appeal to urban and overseas audiences. Gokulsing and Dissanayake identify six major influences that have shaped the conventions of Indian popular cinema: In the 2000s, Bollywood began influencing musical films in the Western world, and played a particularly instrumental role in the revival of the American musical film genre.
Mother India (1957), for example, continued to be played in Nigeria decades after its release. Raj Kapoor was a famous movie star in China, and the song Awara Hoon ( I am a Tramp ) was popular in the country.
The popularity of the stars can rise and fall rapidly. For example, Devo s 1988 hit song Disco Dancer was inspired by the song I am a Disco Dancer from the Bollywood film Disco Dancer (1982).
Sometimes, a song is worked into the plot, so that a character has a reason to sing; other times, a song is an externalisation of a character s thoughts, or presages an event that has not occurred yet in the plot of the movie. Screenwriters generally produce original scripts, but due to financial uncertainty and insecurity over the success of a film many were rejected. There have been very few cases of film copyright violations taken to court because of serious delays in the legal process, and due to the long time they take to decide a case. Indian films A–Z • Films: Assamese • Bengali • Bhojpuri • English • Gujarati • Hindi • Kannada • Malayalam • Marathi • Oriya • Punjabi • Rajasthani • Sindhi • Tamil • Telugu • Urdu Burkina Faso · Egypt · Kenya · Morocco · Niger · Nigeria · Senegal · Somalia · South Africa · Tunisia Argentina · Brazil · Chile · Colombia · Cuba · Mexico · Paraguay · Peru · Puerto Rico · Uruguay Canada (Quebec) · United States China · Hong Kong · Japan · Korea · Mongolia · Taiwan Afghanistan · Bangladesh (Bengal) · India (Andhra Pradesh · Assam · Bollywood · Karnataka · Kerala · Marathi · Orissa · Punjab · Tamil Nadu · West Bengal) · Nepal · Pakistan (Karachi · Lahore · Peshawar) · Sri Lanka (Jallywood) Burma · Cambodia · Indonesia · Malaysia · Philippines · Singapore · Thailand · Vietnam Armenia · Azerbaijan · Cyprus · Georgia · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Jordan · Lebanon · Palestine · Saudi Arabia · Syria · Tajikistan · Turkey · U.A.E. Albania · Austria · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Latvia · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Macedonia · Moldova · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia (Russian Empire · Soviet Union) · Serbia · Slovakia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Ukraine · United Kingdom (Scotland · Wales) · Yugoslavia Australia · Fiji · New Zealand Arts and Entertainment · Caste · Cinema · Citizenship · Climate · Cuisine · Culture · Demographics · Economy · Education · Flag · Foreign Relations · Geography · Government · History · Holidays · Languages · Law · Police · Literacy · Military · Politics · Religion · Sports · Transport .
The new era features more sexually explicit and violent films. The hero or heroine will often perform with a troupe of supporting dancers.
Indian banks and financial institutions were forbidden from lending money to movie studios. One notable exception was Kishore Kumar, who starred in several major films in the 1950s while also having a stellar career as a playback singer.
Industry connections are no guarantee of a long career: competition is fierce and if film industry scions do not succeed at the box office, their careers will falter. In older films, the item number may be performed by a courtesan (tawaif) dancing for a rich client or as part of a cabaret show.
Advertisers say that a star endorsement boosts sales. The Filmfare Awards ceremony is one of the most prominent film events given for Hindi films in India. The DFF screens not only Bollywood films, but films from all the other regional movie industries and independent/art films.
One such explanation for this lied in the similarities between the two cultures. This led the nation s filmmaking to new heights in terms of quality, cinematography and innovative story lines as well as technical advances in areas such as special effects, animation, etc.), and keeping the popularity of actors of the previous decade.
The film Padmashree Laloo Prasad Yadav (2005) was one of many movies shot in South Africa. Other similarities include wearing turbans; the presence of animals in markets; porters carrying large bundles, chewing sugar cane; youths riding Bajaj motor scooters; wedding celebrations, and so forth.
Credit for the term has been claimed by several different people, including the lyricist, filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna, The naming scheme for Bollywood was inspired by Tollywood , the name that was used to refer to the cinema of West Bengal. With the strict Muslim culture, Indian movies were said to show respect toward women, where Hollywood movies were seen to have no shame .
Eventually, this became the standard for Indian films. The trend was bucked in 2001, after a 30-year hiatus of synchronized sound, with the film Lagaan, in which producer-star Aamir Khan insisted that the sound be done on location. They often lost out at the box office to movies with more mass appeal.
These films often featured actors like Nana Patekar, Manoj Bajpai, Manisha Koirala, Tabu and Urmila Matondkar, whose performances were usually critically approved. The 2000s saw a growth in Bollywood s popularity in the world. Under this system, in contrast to the National Film Awards, which are decided by a panel appointed by Indian Government, the Filmfare Awards are voted for by both the public and a committee of experts. Additional ceremonies held within India are: Ceremonies held overseas are: Most of these award ceremonies are lavishly staged spectacles, featuring singing, dancing, and numerous celebrities. Besides being popular among the India diaspora, such far off locations as Nigeria to Egypt to Senegal and to Russia generations of non-Indian fans have grown up with Bollywood during the years, bearing witness to the cross-cultural appeal of Indian movies. Over the last years of the twentieth century and beyond, Bollywood progressed in its popularity as it entered the consciousness of Western audiences and producers. Bollywood films are widely watched in South Asian countries, such as Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Many Pakistanis watch Bollywood films, as they understand Hindi (due to its linguistic similarity to Urdu). Bollywood movies are also popular in Afghanistan due to the country s proximity with the Indian subcontinent and certain other cultural perspectives present in the movies. Some Hindi movies also became big successes in the People s Republic of China during the 1940s and 1950s.
The name Bollywood later arose as the Bombay-based film industry overtook the one in Tollygunge as the center of the Indian film industry. Raja Harishchandra (1913), by Dadasaheb Phalke, was the first silent feature film made in India. In the contemporary era, Lucky: No Time for Love was shot entirely in Russia.
L. There have been some exceptions, one recent example is the hit film Rang De Basanti, where the lead actress is Alice Patten, an Englishwoman.
Bollywood conventions are changing, however. Sets, costumes, special effects, and cinematography were less than world-class up until the mid-to-late 1990s, although with some notable exceptions.
among others. Just as in Hollywood, very few succeed.
The first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Irani s Alam Ara (1931), was a major commercial success. The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) estimates that the Bollywood industry loses $100 million annually in loss of revenue from pirated home videos and DVDs.
Dil Jo Bhi Kahey (2005) was shot almost entirely in Mauritius, which has a large ethnically Indian population. Ominously, however, the popularity of old Bollywood versus a new, changing Bollywood seems to be diminishing the popularity on the continent. At this time, lavish romantic musicals and melodramas were the staple fare at the cinema. Following India s independence, the period from the late 1940s to the 1960s are regarded by film historians as the Golden Age of Hindi cinema. While commercial Hindi cinema was thriving, the 1950s also saw the emergence of a new Parallel Cinema movement. Ever since the social realist film Neecha Nagar won the Grand Prize at the first Cannes Film Festival, In the late 1960s and early 1970s, romance movies and action films starred actors like Rajesh Khanna and Dharmendra, and actresses like Sharmila Tagore, Mumtaz, Leena Chandavarkar and Helen.
There are also increasing returns from theatres in Western countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States, where Bollywood is slowly getting noticed. A physically attractive female character (the item girl ), often completely unrelated to the main cast and plot of the film, performs a catchy song and dance number in the film.
The emergence of Nollywood, Africa s local movie industry has also contributed to the declining popularity of Bollywood films. The composers of film music, known as music directors, are also well-known.
Kisna, Lagaan, and The Rising: Ballad of Mangal Pandey also featured foreign actors. Bollywood can be very clannish, and the relatives of film-industry insiders have an edge in getting coveted roles in films or being part of a film s crew. Besides catering to the homegrown market, demand for these copies is large amongst some sections of the Indian diaspora, too.
Since then, Hindi films significantly declined in popularity in China, until the Academy Award nominated Lagaan (2001) became the first Indian film to have a nation-wide release there in decades. Historically, Hindi films have been distributed to some parts of Africa, largely by Lebanese businessmen. In 2006, Dhoom 2 became the first Bollywood film to be shot in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bollywood is not as successful in the Oceanic countries and Pacific Islands such as New Guinea.
Rahman, an Indian film composer, wrote the music for Andrew Lloyd Webber s Bombay Dreams, and a musical version of Hum Aapke Hain Koun has played in London s West End. Danny Boyle s Slumdog Millionaire (2008), which has won four Golden Globes and eight Academy Awards, was also directly inspired by Bollywood films, The influence of Bollywood filmi music can also be seen in popular music elsewhere in the world.
It shows tickets sold in 2002 and total revenue estimates. The availability of illegal copies of movies on the Internet also contributes to the piracy problem. Satellite TV, television and imported foreign films are making huge inroads into the domestic Indian entertainment market.
Baz Luhrmann stated that his musical film Moulin Rouge! (2001) was directly inspired by Bollywood musicals. A. The dancer Helen was famous for her cabaret numbers.
Directors compete to hire the most popular stars of the day, who are believed to guarantee the success of a movie (though this belief is not always supported by box-office results). As Western films and television gain wider distribution in India itself, there is an increasing pressure for Bollywood films to attain the same production levels, particularly in areas such as action and special effects.
As more Indians migrate to these countries, they form a growing market for upscale Indian films. For an interesting comparison of Hollywood and Bollywood financial figures, see chart.
